{"id":133560,"date":"2024-05-13T18:27:11","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T01:27:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.com\/?p=133560"},"modified":"2024-06-13T18:04:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T01:04:58","slug":"three-dns-tunneling-campaigns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/origin-unit42.paloaltonetworks.com\/ja\/three-dns-tunneling-campaigns\/","title":{"rendered":"DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u306e\u60aa\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u304c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u62e1\u5927\u3001C2 \u3084 VPN \u306e\u307b\u304b\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u8ffd\u8de1\u3084\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u306b\u3082"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><a id=\"post-133560-_4lt92rr5muov\"><\/a><strong>\u6982\u8981<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u672c\u7a3f\u306f\u3001DNS (\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 \u30cd\u30fc\u30e0 \u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0) \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u91ce\u751f (in the wild) \u3067\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b9\u30bf\u30c7\u30a3\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u6280\u8853\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9 &amp; \u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb (C2) \u3084\u4eee\u60f3\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30d9\u30fc\u30c8 \u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af (VPN) \u304c\u76ee\u7684\u306e DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u3066\u5e83\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3068\u304d\u306b\u60aa\u8cea\u306a\u30a2\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u79d8\u5bc6\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306a\u3089\u5f93\u6765\u578b\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3067\u304d\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u624b\u6cd5\u304b\u3089 C2 \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3084\u6f0f\u51fa\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u79d8\u533f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u6700\u8fd1\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306e C2 \u3084 VPN \u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u7528\u9014\u3067 DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3092 3 \u3064\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7528\u9014\u3068\u306f\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3068\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3057\u3001\u5c06\u6765\u306e\u653b\u6483\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u53ce\u96c6\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8ffd\u8de1\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u914d\u4fe1\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u3001\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u914d\u4fe1\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af (CDN) \u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u76e3\u8996\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7a3f\u306f\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3068\u8ffd\u8de1\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u3059\u308b\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b9\u30bf\u30c7\u30a3\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d39\u4ecb\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u8a8d\u77e5\u5ea6\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u3001\u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u304c\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u3088\u308a\u9069\u5207\u306b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3064\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u6d1e\u5bdf\u306e\u63d0\u4f9b\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308c\u3070\u5e78\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u76e3\u8996\u3059\u308b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3092\u69cb\u7bc9\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u5f0a\u793e <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.paloaltonetworks.com\/dns-security\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS Security<\/a> \u30bd\u30ea\u30e5\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.paloaltonetworks.com\/ngfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb<\/a>\u3092\u3054\u5229\u7528\u306e\u304a\u5ba2\u3055\u307e\u306f\u3001DNS Security \u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3001\u3053\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u306b\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u3057\u3066\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u304b\u3089\u3054\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5f0a\u793e\u306e\u304a\u5ba2\u3055\u307e\u306f\u3001\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3059\u308b\u8105\u5a01\u304b\u3089\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.paloaltonetworks.com\/advanced-url-filtering\/administration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced URL Filtering<\/a> \u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u308b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3082\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs-cortex.paloaltonetworks.com\/p\/XDR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cortex XDR<\/a>\u3092\u3054\u5229\u7528\u306e\u304a\u5ba2\u3055\u307e\u306f\u3001\u5f0a\u793e\u306e <a href=\"https:\/\/docs-cortex.paloaltonetworks.com\/r\/Cortex-XDR\/Cortex-XDR-Pro-Administrator-Guide\/Analytics-Concepts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cortex XDR Analytics Engine<\/a> \u3092\u901a\u3058\u3001\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.paloaltonetworks.com\/wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced WildFire<\/a> \u306f\u3001\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u305f IoC \u306b\u9451\u307f\u3001\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u5206\u6790\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u898b\u76f4\u3057\u3068\u66f4\u65b0\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paloaltonetworks.jp\/prisma\/cloud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prisma Cloud<\/a> \u306f\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u304b\u3089\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u4fdd\u8b77\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fb5\u5bb3\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u5f0a\u793e\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b7\u30c7\u30f3\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3054\u76f8\u8ac7\u3092\u306a\u3055\u308a\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/start.paloaltonetworks.jp\/contact-unit42.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u3053\u3061\u3089<\/a>\u306e\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u3054\u9023\u7d61\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u304b\u3001infojapan@paloaltonetworks.com \u307e\u3067\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u3066\u304a\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044 (\u3054\u76f8\u8ac7\u306f\u5f0a\u793e\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u304a\u5ba2\u3055\u307e\u306b\u306f\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093)\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 35%;\"><b>\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b Unit 42 \u306e\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/tag\/dns-tunneling-ja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"&quot;noopener noopener\"><b>DNS Tunneling<\/b><\/a>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/tag\/dns-security-ja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS Security<\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<\/table>\n<h2><a id=\"post-133560-_wven14kmgum2\"><\/a><strong>DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paloaltonetworks.com\/cyberpedia\/what-is-dns-tunneling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/a>\u3067\u306f\u3001DNS \u306e\u30ea\u30af\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u3068\u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u60c5\u5831\u304c\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3057\u305f\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u3001\u5f7c\u3089\u306e\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3068 DNS \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u901a\u4fe1\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u56f3 1 \u306b\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u624b\u9806\u3092\u8e0f\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u307e\u305a\u3001\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 (\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">malicious[.]site<\/span>) \u3092\u767b\u9332\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6b21\u306b\u3001DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u901a\u4fe1\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b C2 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u307e\u3059\u3002\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c C2 \u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3092\u7acb\u3066\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3044\u308d\u3044\u308d\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070 <a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/tag\/cobalt-strike-ja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cobalt Strike<\/a> \u306a\u3069\u3092\u60aa\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u305d\u306e 1 \u3064\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u901a\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u30de\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u304b\u958b\u767a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3057\u305f\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8 \u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u306b\u305d\u306e\u30de\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u3092\u9001\u308a\u8fbc\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u80cc\u5f8c\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u306f\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u4fe1\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30de\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u306f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">malicious[.]site<\/span> \u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u5185\u306b\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u3001DNS \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066 DNS \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059 (\u56f3 1)\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u7528\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u4fee\u98fe\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u540d (FQDN) \u306f\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001DNS \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u304b\u3089\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8 \u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb \u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 (TLD) \u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u518d\u5e30\u7684\u306b\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f DNS \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u30c7\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u3001DNS \u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u64cd\u4f5c\u3057\u3066\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u306b\u3053\u3063\u305d\u308a\u6301\u3061\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_133496\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133496\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img  class=\"wp-image-133497 lozad\"  data-src=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/word-image-527205-133492-1-1.png\" alt=\"\u56f3 1 \u306f\u3001DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u6f0f\u51fa\u3068\u6f5c\u5165\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u56f3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306f DNS \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u901a\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8aad\u307f\u53d6\u308a\/\u66f8\u304d\u8fbc\u307f\u304c\u30a2\u30a4\u30b3\u30f3\u3067\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002DNS \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8 \u30cd\u30fc\u30e0 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u30c8\u30c3\u30d7 \u30ec\u30d9\u30eb \u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 \u30cd\u30fc\u30e0 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3078\u3068\u518d\u5e30\u7684\u306b\u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \" width=\"700\" height=\"372\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-133496\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f3 1. DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u6f0f\u51fa\u30fb\u6f5c\u5165\u306e\u6982\u8981<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_9uzl7ckj1old\"><\/a>DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/h3>\n<p>DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306f\u6b21\u306e 3 \u3064\u306e\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u308a\u96a0\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f93\u6765\u578b\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u62d2\u5426\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001User Datagram Protocol (UDP) \u306e\u30dd\u30fc\u30c8 53 \u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3059\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u5e83\u304f\u666e\u53ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u305d\u306e\u307b\u304b\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30bb\u30ad\u30e5\u30ea\u30c6\u30a3\u5bfe\u7b56\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a31\u53ef\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u304c\u666e\u901a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306f DNS \u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u3001\u4fb5\u5bb3\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8\u3068\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u9593\u306e\u8ad6\u7406\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3092\u4ecb\u3057\u3066\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u30af\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30c8 \u30de\u30b7\u30f3\u306f\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u76f4\u63a5\u306f\u901a\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u96a0\u853d\u306b\u3055\u3089\u306b\u4e00\u5f79\u8cb7\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6f0f\u51fa\u30fb\u6f5c\u5165\u6642\u306e\u9001\u4fe1\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u72ec\u81ea\u306e\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304c\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u3067\u3001\u4e00\u898b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u6b63\u5f53\u306a DNS \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u306b\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u304c\u7d1b\u308c\u8fbc\u307e\u305b\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_5zu7mpldg4ya\"><\/a>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6d3b\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/h3>\n<p>DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066 C2 \u3092\u884c\u3048\u3070\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u30b9\u30c6\u30eb\u30b9\u6027\u3068\u56de\u5fa9\u529b\u306b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u901a\u4fe1\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3092\u78ba\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u6f0f\u51fa\u30fb\u6f5c\u5165\u306a\u3069\u306e\u60aa\u8cea\u306a\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6709\u540d\u306a\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u306f <a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DarkHydrus<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OilRig<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/xhunt-campaign-backdoors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">xHunt<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/solarstorm-supply-chain-attack-timeline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SUNBURST<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/www.infoblox.com\/company\/news-events\/press-releases\/decoy-dog-is-no-ordinary-pupy-infoblox-reveals-shift-in-malware-tactics-after-initial-discovery\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Decoy Dog<\/a> \u306a\u3069\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u304c C2 \u306b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u4f7f\u3046 DNS \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306b\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>IPv4 (A)<\/li>\n<li>IPv6 (AAAA)<\/li>\n<li>Mail eXchange (MX)<\/li>\n<li>Canonical NAME (CNAME)<\/li>\n<li>TeXT (TXT)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e00\u90e8\u306e VPN \u30d9\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u691c\u95b2\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u6599\u91d1\u3092\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u30d0\u30a4\u30d1\u30b9\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u56de\u907f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>C2 \u3084 VPN \u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u307b\u304b\u306b\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u8ffd\u8de1\u3084\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u306b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3057\u305f\u5229\u7528\u306f\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3082\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8ffd\u8de1\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\n<ul>\n<li>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u3001\u30b9\u30d1\u30e0\u3084\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u5e83\u544a\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u914d\u4fe1\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30da\u30a4\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e ID \u60c5\u5831\u3092\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u3066\u542b\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8ffd\u8de1\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\n<ul>\n<li>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u3001\u507d\u88c5\u3057\u305f\u9001\u4fe1\u5143 IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u3001\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 \u30da\u30a4\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u306b IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30d7\u3092\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3 \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3092\u60aa\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067 DNS \u653b\u6483\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u304c\u3001\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30ea\u30c0\u30a4\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u3084\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u62d2\u5426 (DoS) \u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089 2 \u3064\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8ffd\u8de1\u3068\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u306b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5224\u660e\u3057\u305f\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"post-133560-_yj0yy7dg26gi\"><\/a><strong>\u8ffd\u8de1\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5f93\u6765\u306e C2 \u901a\u4fe1\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u8105\u5a01\u30a2\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u30de\u30eb\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2\u304c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092 URL \u306b\u57cb\u3081\u8fbc\u307f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092 Web \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u7d4c\u7531\u3067 C2 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u9001\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u8ffd\u8de1\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f DNS \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u540c\u3058\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7528\u9014\u3067 DNS 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\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u8a72\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e DNS \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u4fdd\u5b58\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e DNS \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30d7\u304c\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u306f\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u305a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u304b\u3089\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u8907\u6570\u306e\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_lgyxeg31r22j\"><\/a>TrkCdn DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3<\/h3>\n<p>DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u540d\u306e\u7279\u6027\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u300cTrkCdn\u300d\u3068\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u5206\u6790\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u3068\u3001TrkCdn \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u305f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u306f\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb \u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u306e\u3084\u308a\u53d6\u308a\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c 731 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\u500b\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u540c\u3058 DNS \u69cb\u6210\u3068\u540c\u3058\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">.com<\/span> \u307e\u305f\u306f <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">.info<\/span> \u306e TLD \u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u767b\u9332\u3057\u3001\u3082\u3068\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5358\u8a9e\u3092 2 \u3064\u304b 3 \u3064\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3066\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u540d\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u751f\u6210\u30a2\u30eb\u30b4\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0 (DGA) 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FQDN\u3001\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3001\u767b\u9332\u65e5\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8868 1 \u306b\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306f <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">trk<\/span> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306e\u307f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3001CNAME \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3092 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">cdn<\/span> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306b TrkCdn \u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 20.5151%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 21.2623%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb FQDN<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 25.5814%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 18.6877%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 12.7076%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u767b\u9332\u65e5<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5151%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">simitor[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.2623%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">04b16bbbf91be3e2fee2c83151131cf5.trk.simitor[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.5814%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns1.simitor[.]com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns2.simitor[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.6877%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">193.9.114[.]43<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7076%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e747\u67086\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5151%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">vibnere[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.2623%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">a8fc70b86e828ffed0f6b3408d30a037.trk.vibnere[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.5814%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns1.vibnere[.]com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns2.vibnere[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 18.6877%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">193.9.114[.]43<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 12.7076%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e746\u670814\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.5151%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">edrefo[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 21.2623%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 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\u3078\u3068\u30ea\u30c0\u30a4\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u3055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u30ef\u30a4\u30eb\u30c9\u30ab\u30fc\u30c9 DNS \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!-- Crayon Syntax Highlighter v_2.7.2_beta --><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">simitor[.]com A 193.9.114[.]43\r\nns1.simitor[.]com A 193.9.114[.]43\r\nns2.simitor[.]com A 193.9.114[.]43\r\ncdn.simitor[.]com A 193.9.114[.]43\r\n*.trk.simitor[.]com CNAME cdn.simitor[.]com<\/pre>\n<p><!-- [Format Time: 0.0003 seconds] --><\/p>\n<p>TrkCdn \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5834\u5408\u3001MD5 \u306e\u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u5024\u306f DNS \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u5185\u3067\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e MD5 \u5024\u306f\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 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\u7d50\u679c\u306f\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u914d\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308b\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3078\u3068\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u3092\u914d\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u914d\u4fe1\u3055\u308c\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5e83\u544a\u3084\u30b9\u30d1\u30e0\u3001\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u306a\u3069\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ffd\u8de1\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u304b\u3089 DNS \u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u7167\u4f1a\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30da\u30a4\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3092\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u30cf\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u5024\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308c\u3070\u3088\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u3044\u3064\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u958b\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u628a\u63e1\u3057\u3001\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3 \u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u76e3\u8996\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u4e0b\u306e\u56f3 2 \u306f\u3001TrkCdn \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b FQDN \u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b DNS \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5206\u5e03\u95a2\u6570 (CDF) \u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306f\u30010 \u65e5\u304b\u3089 30 \u65e5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u671f\u9593\u306e TrkCdn \u306e FQDN \u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b DNS \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u306e\u5272\u5408\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u306f\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u7d04 80% \u304c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3092 1 \u56de\u3060\u3051\u95b2\u89a7\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\u306e 10% \u304c\u7d04 1 \u9031\u9593\u4ee5\u5185\u306b\u30e1\u30c3\u30bb\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u518d\u5ea6\u95b2\u89a7\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u653b\u6483\u8005\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u304b\u3089\u3053\u306e FQDN \u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_133498\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133498\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img  class=\"wp-image-133499 lozad\"  data-src=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/word-image-529547-133492-2-1.png\" alt=\"\u753b\u50cf 2 \u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5 \u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6a2a\u8ef8\u306f\u671f\u9593\u306e\u65e5\u6570\u3001\u7e26\u8ef8\u306f\u30d1\u30fc\u30bb\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \" width=\"600\" height=\"176\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-133498\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f3 2. TrkCdn \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b FQDN \u671f\u9593\u65e5\u6570\u306e\u7d2f\u7a4d\u5206\u5e03\u95a2\u6570 (CDF)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_gxk7mubz9rv3\"><\/a>\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 \u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb<\/h3>\n<p>\u3042\u308b\u53e4\u3081\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">pordasa[.]info<\/span> \u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u7d50\u679c\u3001TrkCdn \u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5 \u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u306f 4 \u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u7d4c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u7d50\u8ad6\u3065\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089 4 \u3064\u306e\u30d5\u30a7\u30fc\u30ba\u306f\u6b21\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f (2 \uff5e 12 \u9031\u9593)\n<ul>\n<li>\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u767b\u9332\u5f8c\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f DNS \u306e\u8a2d\u5b9a\u306e\u307f\u3092\u884c\u3044\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u5916\u306f\u4f55\u3082\u884c\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u65b0\u898f\u767b\u9332\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u691c\u51fa\u3092\u56de\u907f\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6d3b\u52d5\u671f (2 \uff5e 3\u9031\u9593)\n<ul>\n<li>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u3001\u4f55\u5343\u3082\u306e FQDN \u3092\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u306b\u914d\u5e03\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u8ffd\u8de1\u671f (9 \uff5e 11\u304b\u6708)\n<ul>\n<li>\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u304c FQDN \u3092\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u3057\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f DNS \u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9000\u5f79\u671f (\u767b\u9332\u5f8c 1 \u5e74)\n<ul>\n<li>\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f 1 \u5e74\u5f8c\u306b\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u767b\u9332\u306e\u66f4\u65b0\u3092\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4e0b\u306e\u56f3 3 \u306f\u3001<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">pordasa[.]info<\/span> \u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5 \u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3092\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3042\u308b\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092 DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u578b\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306f 2022 \u5e74 10 \u6708 12 \u65e5\u306b\u6700\u521d\u306b\u767b\u9332\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_133500\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133500\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img  class=\"wp-image-133501 lozad\"  data-src=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/word-image-532018-133492-3-1.png\" alt=\"\u753b\u50cf 3 \u306f\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5 \u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb\u3092\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f\u9593\u306f 60 \u65e5\u9593\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u307e\u3082\u306a\u304f\u6d3b\u52d5\u671f\u304c\u59cb\u307e\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8ffd\u8de1\u671f\u306f\u7b2c 270 \u65e5\u307e\u3067\u7d9a\u304d\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u767b\u9332\u306f\u7d42\u4e86\u3057\u3066\u3001\u9000\u5f79\u671f\u578b 360 \u65e5\u76ee\u306b\u958b\u59cb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 \" width=\"600\" height=\"176\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-133500\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f3 3. <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">pordasa[.]info<\/span> \u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5 \u30b5\u30a4\u30af\u30eb<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_ul6p52u7oksr\"><\/a>TrkCdn \u306e\u6c38\u7d9a\u5316<\/h3>\n<p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u65b0\u3057\u3044 IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066 TrkCdn \u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u767b\u9332\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u30012024 \u5e74 2 \u6708\u307e\u3067\u78ba\u8a8d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092 2020 \u5e74 10 \u6708 19 \u65e5\u304b\u3089 2024 \u5e74 1 \u6708 2 \u65e5\u306e\u9593\u306b\u767b\u9332\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u767b\u9332\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u521d\u56de\u4f7f\u7528\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56f3 4 \u306f\u300149 \u500b\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f TrkCdn \u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u72b6\u6cc1\u3092\u8ffd\u8de1\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002\u56f3 4 \u304c\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001TrkCdn \u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">185.121.0[.]0\/16<\/span> \u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u304b <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">146.70.0[.]0\/16<\/span> \u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u5185\u306b\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001TrkCdn \u306e\u80cc\u5f8c\u306b\u3044\u308b\u8105\u5a01\u30a2\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u30db\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0 \u30d7\u30ed\u30d0\u30a4\u30c0\u30fc\u3092\u4f7f\u3046\u50be\u5411\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_133502\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133502\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img  class=\"wp-image-133503 lozad\"  data-src=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/word-image-534418-133492-4-1.png\" alt=\"\u753b\u50cf 4 \u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u767b\u9332 (\u9752\u3044\u70b9) \u3068\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u521d\u56de\u4f7f\u7528 (\u8d64\u3044\u70b9) \u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3059\u3002\u6a2a\u8ef8\u306f\u30012020 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u304b\u3089 2024 \u5e74 4 \u6708\u307e\u3067\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7e26\u8ef8\u306f IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u30022024 \u5e74\u5f8c\u534a\u304b\u3089 4 \u6708\u307e\u3067\u7d9a\u304f\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u591a\u6570\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \" width=\"900\" height=\"676\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-133502\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f3 4. \u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u307e\u305f\u304c\u308b TrkCdn \u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u767b\u9332\u3068\u4f7f\u7528\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_317jgtwbzlw9\"><\/a>SpamTracker DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3<\/h3>\n<p>2 \u3064\u3081\u306f\u3001DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u30b9\u30d1\u30e0\u914d\u4fe1\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u306b\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002\u540c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u7528\u9014\u304b\u3089\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u300cSpamTracker\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u540d\u524d\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u3082 TrkCdn \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u8ffd\u8de1\u30e1\u30ab\u30cb\u30ba\u30e0\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u300144 \u500b\u306e\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 \u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306f <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">35.75.233[.]210<\/span> \u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306f\u3001TrkCdn \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3068\u540c\u3058 DGA \u306e\u547d\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 \u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e A \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306e\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u3001<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">103.8.88[.]64\/27<\/span> \u306e\u30b5\u30d6\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u4e0a\u306b\u30db\u30b9\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306f\u65e5\u672c\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u6a19\u7684\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u3068 Web \u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306b\u6cbf\u3063\u305f\u30b9\u30d1\u30e0\u3084\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30b3\u30f3\u30c6\u30f3\u30c4\u3092\u914d\u4fe1\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5360\u3044\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9<\/li>\n<li>\u507d\u306e\u8377\u7269\u914d\u9054\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u66f4\u65b0<\/li>\n<li>\u526f\u696d\u306e\u6253\u8a3a<\/li>\n<li>\u751f\u6daf\u7121\u6599\u306e\u54c1\u76ee<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56f3 5 \u306b\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306f\u3001\u8105\u5a01\u30a2\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u5185\u306b\u30da\u30a4\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u96a0\u3057\u305f\u30ea\u30f3\u30af\u3092\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u30af\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u4ed5\u5411\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_133504\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133504\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img  class=\"wp-image-133504 lozad\"  data-src=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/word-image-536891-133492-5.png\" alt=\"\u753b\u50cf 5 \u306f SpamTracker \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5404\u30bb\u30ea\u30d5\u3092\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u3068\u305d\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u7ffb\u8a33\u3068\u3067\u4ea4\u4e92\u306b\u8868\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002 \" width=\"700\" height=\"344\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-133504\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f3 5. SpamTracker \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u4f8b (\u3068\u305d\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a33)\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306f\u3001\u56f3 6 \u306b\u793a\u3059\u5360\u3044\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8a50\u6b3a\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u542b\u3080 Web \u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306b\u30ea\u30c0\u30a4\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_133506\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133506\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img  class=\"wp-image-133506 lozad\"  data-src=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/word-image-539486-133492-6.png\" alt=\"\u753b\u50cf 6 \u306f\u507d\u306e\u5360\u3044 Web \u30b5\u30a4\u30c8\u306e\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30b7\u30e7\u30c3\u30c8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u300cJewel Ring\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8907\u6570\u306e\u884c\u306e\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u304c\u66f8\u304b\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 \" width=\"600\" height=\"474\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-133506\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56f3 6. SpamTracker \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u507d\u306e\u5360\u3044Web \u30b5\u30a4\u30c8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u8868 2 \u306b\u3001\u540c\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e 6 \u3064\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u3001FQDN\u3001\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3001\u767b\u9332\u65e5\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 20.0997%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 22.6744%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb FQDN<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 25.7475%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 17.1927%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; width: 13.206%;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><b>\u767b\u9332\u65e5<\/b><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.0997%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">wzbhk2ccghtshr[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6744%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">21pwt2otx07d3et.wzbhk2ccghtshr[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.7475%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns01.wzbhk2ccghtshr[.]com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns02.wzbhk2ccghtshr[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1927%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">35.75.233[.]210<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.206%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e745\u670815\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.0997%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">epyujbhfhbs35j[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6744%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">y0vkmu2eh896he7.epyujbhfhbs35j[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.7475%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns01.epyujbhfhbs35j[.]com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns02.epyujbhfhbs35j[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1927%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">35.75.233[.]210<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.206%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e745\u670815\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.0997%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">8egub9e7s6cz7n[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6744%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">q8udswcmvznk34q.8egub9e7s6cz7n[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.7475%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns01.8egub9e7s6cz7n[.]com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns02.8egub9e7s6cz7n[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1927%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">35.75.233[.]210<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.206%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e745\u670815\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.0997%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">hjmpfsamfkj5m5[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6744%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">run0ibnpq8r34dj.hjmpfsamfkj5m5[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.7475%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns01.hjmpfsamfkj5m5[.]com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns02.hjmpfsamfkj5m5[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1927%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">35.75.233[.]210<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.206%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e745\u670815\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.0997%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">uxjxfg2ui8k5zk[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6744%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">vfct3phbmc8qsx2.uxjxfg2ui8k5zk[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.7475%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns01.uxjxfg2ui8k5zk[.]com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns02.uxjxfg2ui8k5zk[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1927%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">35.75.233[.]210<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.206%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e745\u670815\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 20.0997%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">cgb488dixfxjw7[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.6744%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">htujn1rhh3553tc.cgb488dixfxjw7[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 25.7475%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns01.cgb488dixfxjw7[.]com<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns02.cgb488dixfxjw7[.]com<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 17.1927%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">35.75.233[.]210<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 13.206%;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e745\u670815\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #999999;\"><em>\u8868 2. SpamTracker \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e00\u89a7<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"post-133560-_cn0fr1n73xd7\"><\/a><strong>\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u5185\u306e\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3092\u63a2\u3059\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u306f\u901a\u5e38\u3001\u30b5\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u653b\u6483\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5341\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u306f\u3044\u3048\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3078\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308c\u3070\u3001\u30b5\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u653b\u6483\u306e\u65e9\u671f\u9632\u6b62\u3068\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u88ab\u5bb3\u306e\u8efd\u6e1b\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_sr8qppgsss3i\"><\/a>SecShow DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3<\/h3>\n<p>\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3082\u3046 1 \u3064\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u767a\u898b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8105\u5a01\u30a2\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u304c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30a4\u30f3\u30d5\u30e9\u3092\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u306b\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3059\u308b\u76ee\u7684\u3067 DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u4f8b\u3060\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306f\u30ea\u30d5\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u653b\u6483\u304c\u5b9f\u884c\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u60aa\u8cea\u884c\u70ba\u306b\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3 \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u3092\u63a2\u3059<\/li>\n<li>\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u9045\u5ef6\u3092\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<li>\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3092\u60aa\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<li>Time-To-Live (TTL) \u60c5\u5831\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u305f\u3044\u3066\u3044\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3 \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u6a19\u7684\u306b\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u30cf\u30a4\u30c6\u30af\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30bb\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u306b\u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3 \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u3088\u304f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u306b\u306f 3 \u3064\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u3092\u5b9f\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8868 3 \u306b\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089 3 \u3064\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u3001FQDN\u3001\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u3001\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3001\u767b\u9332\u65e5\u306e\u4f8b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u306f\u3001IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304c <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">202.112.47[.]45<\/span> \u306e\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306f\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u540d\u306b\u3061\u306a\u307f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3092\u300cSecShow\u300d\u3068\u540d\u4ed8\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 56px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.9896%; height: 56px; text-align: center;\"><b>\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4644%; height: 56px; text-align: center;\"><b>\u30b5\u30f3\u30d7\u30eb FQDN<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4387%; height: 56px; text-align: center;\"><b>\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.2525%; height: 56px; text-align: center;\"><b>\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.6132%; height: 56px; text-align: center;\"><b>\u767b\u9332\u65e5<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 96px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.9896%; height: 96px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">secshow[.]net<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4644%; height: 96px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">6a134b4f-1.c.secshow[.]net<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4387%; height: 96px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns1.c.secshow[.]net.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns2.c.secshow[.]net.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.2525%; height: 96px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">202.112.47[.]45<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.6132%; height: 96px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e747\u670827\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 80px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.9896%; height: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">secshow[.]online<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4644%; height: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">1-103-170-192-121-103-170-192-9.f.secshow[.]online<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4387%; height: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns.secshow[.]online.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.2525%; height: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">202.112.47[.]45<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.6132%; height: 80px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 120px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 17.9896%; height: 120px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">secdns[.]site<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 26.4644%; height: 120px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">0-53aa2a46-202401201-ans-dnssec.l-test.secdns[.]site<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.4387%; height: 120px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns1.l-test.secdns[.]site.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">ns2.l-test.secdns[.]site.<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 20.2525%; height: 120px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace; font-size: 12pt;\">202.112.47[.]45<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 14.6132%; height: 120px;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: 12pt;\">2023\u5e7412\u670813\u65e5<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt; color: #999999;\"><em>\u8868 3. SecShow \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e\u4e00\u89a7<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_2fbbhg4bng9v\"><\/a>SecShow \u306e\u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u5229\u7528<\/h3>\n<p>SecShow \u306f\u3001\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3001\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30b5\u30d6\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u5024\u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u308f\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u793a\u3059 4 \u3064\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9 1:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">bc2874fb-1.c.secshow[.]net<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e FQDN \u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">bc2874fb<\/span> \u306f IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">188.40.116[.]251<\/span> \u3092 16 \u9032\u6570\u3067\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u3002<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">-1<\/span> \u306f\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u3067\u3001FQDN \u3092\u4e00\u610f\u306a\u3082\u306e\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306f <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">c.secshow[.]net<\/span> \u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u307e\u305a\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306a\u9001\u4fe1\u5143 IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9 (\u4f8b\u3048\u3070 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">188.40.116[.]251<\/span>) \u3092\u507d\u88c5\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3055\u308c\u305f FQDN (<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">bc2874fb-1.c.secshow[.]net<\/span>) \u3092\u89e3\u6c7a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5019\u88dc\u3068\u306a\u308b IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066 DNS \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc (<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">c.secshow[.]net<\/span>) \u306f\u3001DNS \u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u3092\u53d7\u4fe1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u63a5\u7d9a\u5143\u306e\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u305f\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9001\u4fe1\u5143 IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3001\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u507d\u88c5 IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3053\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u3092\u7e70\u308a\u8fd4\u3057\u3001\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u5185\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3 \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3 \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u304c\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001DNS \u30b9\u30d7\u30fc\u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u3084 DNS \u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5 \u30dd\u30a4\u30ba\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f DNS \u5897\u5e45\u653b\u6483\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30c3\u30d7\u3068\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9 2:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">20240212190003.bailiwick.secshow[.]net<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306e FQDN \u306f\u3001\u6bce\u9031\u6708\u66dc\u65e5\u306e 19:00:03 UTC \u306b\u306e\u307f\u767b\u5834\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30da\u30a4\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e FQDN \u306e\u751f\u6210\u6642\u523b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30d7 (\u4f8b: 2024 \u5e74 2 \u6708 12 \u65e5 19:00:03 UTC) \u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u9001\u4fe1\u5143 IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u507d\u88c5\u3057\u3001\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u304b\u3089\u3053\u306e FQDN \u3092\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u307e\u3059\u3002\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u9045\u5ef6\u3092\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<li>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u304c\u30b7\u30f3\u30af\u30db\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u8ee2\u9001\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<li>\u3053\u306e\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3092\u60aa\u7528\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6a29\u5a01\u30cd\u30fc\u30e0\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u6700\u521d\u306e 2 \u3064\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3092\u60aa\u7528\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u306f\u5225\u306e\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u306e A \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!-- Crayon Syntax Highlighter v_2.7.2_beta --><\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">20240212190003.bailiwick.secshow[.]net. 3600 IN A 202.112.47[.]45\r\nafusdnfysbsf[.]com. 3600 IN A 202.112.47[.]45<\/pre>\n<p><!-- [Format Time: 0.0001 seconds] --><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8a18\u306e\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u306f\u3001<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">afusdnfysbsf[.]com<\/span> \u306f\u7121\u52b9\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3082\u3001\u305d\u306e\u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306b\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u53e4\u3044\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2 \u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u306e\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\u306e\u8106\u5f31\u6027 (\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070 <a href=\"https:\/\/kb.isc.org\/docs\/aa-00691\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CVE-2012-1033 \u306e\u8106\u5f31\u6027<\/a>) \u3092\u60aa\u7528\u3057\u3001\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u540d\u306e\u7121\u52b9\u5316\u3092\u9632\u3054\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9 3: <\/strong><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">1-103-170-192-121-103-170-192-9.h.secshow[.]net<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30a4\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u306f 1 \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u30d1\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b 2 \u3064\u306e IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">103.170.192[.]121<\/span> \u3068 <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">103.170.192[.]9<\/span> \u304c\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u524d\u8005\u306f\u507d\u88c5\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9001\u4fe1\u5143 IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3067\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u5b9b\u5148 IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e FQDN \u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306f\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9 1 \u3068\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e FQDN \u306e A \u30ec\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u306f\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u8a66\u884c\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0\u30e0\u306a IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9\u3067\u3001\u305d\u306e TTL \u306f 86400 \u3068\u9577\u304f\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u5b9f\u884c\u306b\u60aa\u7528\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DNS \u5897\u5e45 DDoS (\u5206\u6563\u578b\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u62d2\u5426) \u653b\u6483<\/li>\n<li>DNS \u30ad\u30e3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5 \u30dd\u30a4\u30ba\u30cb\u30f3\u30b0\u653b\u6483<\/li>\n<li>\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u67af\u6e07\u653b\u6483<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u30e6\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b1\u30fc\u30b9 4:<\/strong> <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">0-53ea2a3a-202401201-ans-dnssec.l-test.secdns[.]site<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u30da\u30a4\u30ed\u30fc\u30c9\u306f <span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">0<\/span> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u30d7\u30ec\u30d1\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u304b\u3089\u59cb\u307e\u3063\u3066\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b 16 \u9032\u6570\u3067\u30a8\u30f3\u30b3\u30fc\u30c9\u3055\u308c\u305f IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9 (<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">53ea2a3a<\/span>)\u3001 \u5e74\u6708\u65e5 (<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">20240120<\/span>)\u3001\u30dd\u30b9\u30c8\u30d1\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0 (<span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">1<\/span>) \u304c\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u306e FQDN \u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6700\u5927\/\u6700\u5c0f TTL<\/li>\n<li>\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30a2\u30a6\u30c8<\/li>\n<li>\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u901f\u5ea6\u306e\u60c5\u5831<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/kb.isc.org\/docs\/aa-00691\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u5e7d\u970a\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u540d (Ghost Domain Names)<\/a> \u3084 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ndss-symposium.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ndss2023_s5_paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phoenix Domain [PDF]<\/a> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a DNS \u8105\u5a01\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u6709\u76ca\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u3067\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_t2ppmxj00p8f\"><\/a>\u7de9\u548c\u7b56<\/h3>\n<p>\u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb\u88fd\u54c1\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\u3067\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0 \u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057 DNS \u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30a2\u30bf\u30c3\u30af\u30b5\u30fc\u30d5\u30a7\u30b9 (\u653b\u6483\u5bfe\u8c61\u9818\u57df) \u7e2e\u5c0f\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u5bfe\u7b56\u3082\u63a8\u5968\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u7bc4\u56f2\u3092\u7ba1\u7406\u3057\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u30af\u30a8\u30ea\u30fc\u306e\u307f\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u5165\u308c\u308b<\/li>\n<li>N\u30c7\u30a4\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30ea\u30be\u30eb\u30d0\u30fc\u306e\u30bd\u30d5\u30c8\u30a6\u30a7\u30a2 \u30d0\u30fc\u30b8\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u3059\u307f\u3084\u304b\u306b\u66f4\u65b0\u3059\u308b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"post-133560-_r0vj4vfdbt1a\"><\/a><strong>\u7d50\u8ad6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u653b\u6483\u8005\u3089\u304c\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306a\u3089 DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3068\u306f\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7a2e\u3005\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u5b9f\u884c\u306b\u3001DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u306b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306f C2 \u3084 VPN \u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u653b\u6483\u8005\u304c\u88ab\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u8ffd\u8de1\u3084\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af \u30b9\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u306e\u624b\u6bb5\u3068\u3057\u3066 DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3046\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.paloaltonetworks.com\/ngfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6b21\u4e16\u4ee3\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30a2\u30a6\u30a9\u30fc\u30eb<\/a>\u3092\u3054\u5229\u7528\u306e\u304a\u5ba2\u3055\u307e\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.paloaltonetworks.com\/advanced-url-filtering\/administration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced URL Filtering<\/a>\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.paloaltonetworks.com\/dns-security\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS Security<\/a> \u30b5\u30d6\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3 \u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3001\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u8a00\u53ca\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6307\u6a19 (\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3\u3001IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9) \u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\u306e <a href=\"https:\/\/docs-cortex.paloaltonetworks.com\/p\/XDR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cortex\u00a0XDR \u2013 Analytics<\/a> \u3092\u304a\u4f7f\u3044\u306e\u304a\u5ba2\u3055\u307e\u306f\u3001DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u7528\u306e\u5206\u6790\u691c\u51fa\u5668\u3092\u901a\u3058\u3001\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u305f DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u304b\u3089\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.paloaltonetworks.com\/wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced WildFire<\/a> \u306f\u3001\u672c\u7a3f\u3067\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u305f IoC \u306b\u9451\u307f\u3001\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3068\u5206\u6790\u624b\u6cd5\u306e\u898b\u76f4\u3057\u3068\u66f4\u65b0\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.paloaltonetworks.jp\/prisma\/cloud\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prisma Cloud<\/a> \u306f\u3001\u30af\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u74b0\u5883\u5185\u306e<a href=\"https:\/\/www.paloaltonetworks.com\/blog\/prisma-cloud\/dns-based-threat-detection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u3092\u691c\u51fa\u30fb\u5206\u6790\u30fb\u8b66\u544a<\/a>\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4fb5\u5bb3\u306e\u61f8\u5ff5\u304c\u3042\u308a\u5f0a\u793e\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30b7\u30c7\u30f3\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3054\u76f8\u8ac7\u3092\u306a\u3055\u308a\u305f\u3044\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001<a href=\"https:\/\/start.paloaltonetworks.jp\/contact-unit42.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">infojapan@paloaltonetworks.com<\/a> \u307e\u3067\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u3066\u3054\u9023\u7d61\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u304b\u3001\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e\u96fb\u8a71\u756a\u53f7\u307e\u3067\u304a\u554f\u3044\u5408\u308f\u305b\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044(\u3054\u76f8\u8ac7\u306f\u5f0a\u793e\u88fd\u54c1\u306e\u304a\u5ba2\u3055\u307e\u306b\u306f\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093)\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5317\u7c73\u30d5\u30ea\u30fc\u30c0\u30a4\u30e4\u30eb: 866.486.4842 (866.4.UNIT42)<\/li>\n<li>EMEA: +31.20.299.3130<\/li>\n<li>APAC: +65.6983.8730<\/li>\n<li>\u65e5\u672c: (+81) 50-1790-0200<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u8abf\u67fb\u7d50\u679c\u3092 Cyber Threat Alliance (CTA: \u30b5\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u8105\u5a01\u30a2\u30e9\u30a4\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9) \u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002CTA \u306e\u30e1\u30f3\u30d0\u30fc\u306f\u3053\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30b8\u30a7\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u3001\u304a\u5ba2\u3055\u307e\u306b\u4fdd\u8b77\u3092\u8fc5\u901f\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3001\u60aa\u610f\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30b5\u30a4\u30d0\u30fc\u653b\u6483\u8005\u3092\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u306b\u963b\u5bb3\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u8a73\u7d30\u306f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cyberthreatalliance.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cyber Threat Alliance<\/a> \u306b\u3066\u3054\u78ba\u8a8d\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff61<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"post-133560-_yaeh1r34ced\"><\/a><strong>IoC (\u4fb5\u5bb3\u6307\u6a19)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_vaaqo54es1oq\"><\/a>DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306b\u4f7f\u308f\u308c\u308b\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">85hsyad6i2ngzp[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">8egub9e7s6cz7n[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">8jtuazcr548ajj[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">anrad9i7fb2twm[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">aucxjd8rrzh7xf[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">b5ba24k6xhxn7b[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">cgb488dixfxjw7[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">d6zeh4und3yjt9[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">epyujbhfhbs35j[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">hhmk9ixaw9p3ec[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">hjmpfsamfkj5m5[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">iszedim8xredu2[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">npknraafbisrs7[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">patycyfswg33nh[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">rhctiz9xijd4yc[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">sn9jxsrp23x63a[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">swh9cpz2xntuge[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">tp7djzjtcs6gm6[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">uxjxfg2ui8k5zk[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">wzbhk2ccghtshr[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">y43dkbzwar7cdt[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">ydxpwzhidexgny[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">z54zspih9h5588[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">3yfr6hh9dd3[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">4bs6hkaysxa[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">66tye9kcnxi[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">8kk68biiitj[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">93dhmp7ipsp[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">api536yepwj[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">bb62sbtk3yi[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">cytceitft8g[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">dipgprjp8uu[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">ege6wf76eyp[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">f6kf5inmfmj[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">f6ywh2ud89u[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">h82c3stb3k5[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">hwa85y4icf5[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">ifjh5asi25f[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">m9y6dte7b9i[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">n98erejcf9t[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">rz53par3ux2[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">szd4hw4xdaj[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">wj9ii6rx7yd[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">wk7ckgiuc6i[.]com<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">secshow[.]net<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">secshow[.]online<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">secdns[.]site<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><a id=\"post-133560-_9nh86cg0t5do\"><\/a>\u3053\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f IP \u30a2\u30c9\u30ec\u30b9<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">35.75.233[.]210<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'courier new', courier, monospace;\">202.112.47[.]45<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><a id=\"post-133560-_962e2cvmy1\"><\/a><strong>\u8ffd\u52a0\u30ea\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/tag\/dns-tunneling-ja\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6280\u8853\u95a2\u9023\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u306e\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/dns-tunneling-in-the-wild\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u6700\u8fd1\u89b3\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u30c8\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u30c3\u30af<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/dns-tunneling-how-dns-can-be-abused-by-malicious-actors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0: \u653b\u6483\u8005\u306f DNS \u3092\u3069\u3046\u60aa\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u304b<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/solarstorm-supply-chain-attack-timeline\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u898b\u305f SolarStorm \u30b5\u30d7\u30e9\u30a4\u30c1\u30a7\u30fc\u30f3\u653b\u6483<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/darkhydrus-delivers-new-trojan-that-can-use-google-drive-for-c2-communications\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DarkHydrus \u304c C2 \u901a\u4fe1\u306b Google \u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30c8\u30ed\u30a4\u306e\u6728\u99ac\u3092\u914d\u5e03<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/dns-tunneling-in-the-wild-overview-of-oilrigs-dns-tunneling\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u73fe\u72b6: OilRig \u306e DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u6982\u8981<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/oilrig-novel-c2-channel-steganography\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u4e2d\u6771\u306e\u901a\u4fe1\u4e8b\u696d\u8005\u3092\u6a19\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b OilRig \u304c\u3001\u30b9\u30c6\u30ac\u30ce\u30b0\u30e9\u30d5\u30a3\u3092\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u624b\u306e C2 \u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u3092\u653b\u6483\u624b\u6bb5\u306b\u8ffd\u52a0<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/xhunt-campaign-backdoors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">xHunt \u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3: \u65b0\u305f\u306b\u767a\u898b\u3055\u308c\u305f\u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30c9\u30a2\u304c\u524a\u9664\u3055\u308c\u305f\u96fb\u5b50\u30e1\u30fc\u30eb\u30c9\u30e9\u30d5\u30c8\u3068\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9 &amp; \u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u7528\u306e DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u4f7f\u7528<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/unit42.paloaltonetworks.jp\/more-xhunt-new-powershell-backdoor-blocked-through-dns-tunnel-detection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u8a73\u8aac xHunt: DNS Security \u304c DNS \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30eb\u691c\u51fa\u3057\u65b0\u305f\u306a PowerShell \u30d0\u30c3\u30af\u30c9\u30a2\u3092\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af<\/a> \u2013 \u30d1\u30ed\u30a2\u30eb\u30c8\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u30b9 Unit 42<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.infoblox.com\/cyber-threat-intelligence\/cyber-threat-advisory\/dog-hunt-finding-decoy-dog-toolkit-via-anomalous-dns-traffic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dog Hunt: Finding Decoy Dog Toolkit via Anomalous DNS Traffic<\/a> \u2013 Infoblox<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/kb.isc.org\/docs\/aa-00691\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CVE-2012-1033: Ghost Domain Names: Revoked Yet Still Resolvable<\/a> \u2013 Internet Systems Consortium (ISC)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ndss-symposium.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/ndss2023_s5_paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ghost Domain Reloaded: Vulnerable Links in Domain Name Delegation and Revocation<\/a> [PDF] \u2013 NDSS Symposium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><i>2024-05-14 10:15 JST \u82f1\u8a9e\u7248\u66f4\u65b0\u65e5 2024-05-13 10:15 PDT \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u53cd\u6620\u3057\u3066\u8868 2 \u3068\u8868 3 \u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u4fee\u6b63\u3057\u3066\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u7248\u521d\u7248\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6982\u8981 \u672c\u7a3f\u306f\u3001DNS (\u30c9\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 \u30cd\u30fc\u30e0 \u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0) \u30c8\u30f3\u30cd\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u91ce\u751f (in the wild) \u3067\u306e\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u30b1\u30fc\u30b9 \u30b9\u30bf\u30c7\u30a3\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u6280\u8853\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u7bc4\u56f2\u306f\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u30b3\u30de\u30f3\u30c9 &amp; 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